Animal & In Vitro Studies
2003Siwicki, A.K., M. Morand, J. Fuller, Jr,, S. Nissen, K. Goryczko, P. Ostaszewski, K. Kazun, and E. Gombski, 2003 Influence of feeding the leucine metabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), J. Appl. Ichthyol. 19:44-48 HMB improved measures of immune function and decreased mortality in young rainbow trout.
view abstract2002Krakowski, L., J. Krzyzanowski, Z. Wrona, K. Kostro, and A.K. Siwicki, 2002 The influence of nonspecific immunostimulation of pregnant sows on the immunological value of colostrum, Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 87:89-95 HMB increased immnoglubulins in spw colostrum (IgG) which resulted in better immunity in the piglets.
2001Siwicki, A.K., M. Morand, J.C. Fuller, Jr., S. Nissen, K. Kazun, and E. Glombski, 2001 Influence of HMB (ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate) on antibody secreting cells (ASC) after in vitro and in vivo immunization with the anti-Yersinia ruckeri vaccine of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Vet. Res. 32:491-498 HMB increased the number of antibody secreting cells (ASC) after vaccination utilizing both in vitro and in vivo vaccination techniques.
2000Jank, M., P. Ostaszewski, S. Rosochacki, J. Wilczak, and B. Balasinska, 2000 Effect of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle cathepsins and calpain activities during the post-dexamethasone recovery period in young rats, Polish J. Vet. Sci. 3:213-218 HMB decreased the activities of proteolytic enzymes activated by dexamethasone.
Siwicki, A.K., J.C. Fuller, S. Nissen, P. Ostaszewski, and M. Studnicka, 2000 In vitro effects of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on cell-mediated immunity in fish, Vet. Immonol. Immunopath. 76:191-197 HMB was an immunomodulator of fish lymphocytes. HMB increased induced lymphocyte proliferation as well as the respiratory burst and potential killing activities of the lymphocytes.
Ostaszewksi, P., S. Kostiuk , B. Balasinska, M. Jank, I. Papet, and F. Glomot, 2000 The leucine metabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) modifies protein turnover in muscles of laboratory rats and domestic chickens in vitro, J. Anim. Physiol. a. Anim. Nutr. 84:1-8 HMB decreased muscle proteolysis in isolated rat and chicken muscle in vitro which confirms earlier observations of decreased protein degradation in humans undergoing strenuous exercise.
1999Peterson, A.L., M.A. Qureshi, P.R. Ferket, and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1999 In vitro exposure with ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate enhances chicken macrophage and function, Vet. Immunol. Immunopath. 67:67-78 HMB increased in vitro immune function in chicken macrophages.
Peterson, A.L., M.A. Qureshi, P.R. Ferket and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1999 Enhancement of cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers by the dietary supplementation of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate, Immunopharm. Immunotox. 21:307-330
HMB enhances cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers.
HMB enhances cellular and humoral immunity in young broilers.
1998Ostaszewski, P., A.K. Siwicki, Z. Skrzek, B. Balasinska, J.C. Fuller, Jr., and S. Nissen, 1998 ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) fed in the water enhances immune response in young broilers, Poultry Sci. 77:(Suppl. 1):26 HMB fed in the drinking water was just as effective as HMB fed in feed for improving immune function and reducing mortality of broilers.
Miller, P., L. Sandberg, and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1998 The effects of supplemental ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on training and racing thoroughbreds, Assoc. Equine Sports Med. Proc. 0:23-24 HMB decreased horse muscle damage and increased aerobic metabolism and performance during actual racing conditions.
Siwicki, A.K., M. Morand, K. Goryczko, P. Ostaszewski, J.C. Fuller, Jr., and S. Nissen, 1998 Immunomodulating effect of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defense mechanisms in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), J. Anim. Sci. 76:(Suppl. 1):137 HMB improved in vitro and in vivo immune function in rainbow trout and carp which resulted in better growth and reduced mortality
Siwicki, A.K., P. Ostaszewski, J.C. Fuller, Jr., S. Nissen, and M. Studnicka, 1998 In vitro effects of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on measures of immune function and immunocompetence in fish, J. Anim. Sci. 76:(Suppl. 1):136 HMB improved in vitro and in vivo immune function in rainbow trout and carp which resulted in better growth and reduced mortality
Sandberg, L., P. Miller, and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1998 The effect of intensive training and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on muscle glycogen concentrations in the horse, J. Anim. Sci. 76:(Suppl. 1):175 HMB supplement showed no difference in muscle glycogen concentrations in intensively training horses.
Ostaszewski, P., E. Kozlowska, A.K. Siwicki, J. Krzyzanowski, J.C. Fuller, Jr., and S. Nissen, 1998 The immunomodulating activity of dietary ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) in weanling pigs, J. Anim. Sci. 76:(Suppl. 1):136 HMB improved indicators of immune function in growing pigs by increasing respiratory burst activity, potential killing activity of phagocytes, lymphocyte proliferation, plasma lysozyme activity, and IgG level.
Cheng, W., B. Phillips, and N. Abumrad, 1998 Effect of HMB on fuel utilization, membrane stability, and creatine kinase content of cultured muscle cells, FASEB J. 12:A950 HMB can increase oxidative capacity and stabilize muscle cell membranes.
Ostaszewski, P., K. Grzelkowska, T. Motyl, B. Balasinska, W. Barej, and S. Nissen, 1998 ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate and 2-oxoisocaproate affect body composition and cholesterol concentration in rabbits, J. Anim. Physiol. a. Anim. Nutr. 79:135-145 HMB reduced body fat and cholesterol in the blood and intestinal tissue of rabbits.
Siwicki, A.K., M. Morand, J.C. Fuller, Jr., S. Nissen, K.I. Kazua, E. Glabski, and P. Ostaszewski, 1998 Influence of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on specific cellular immune response after in vitro and in vivo immunization with Yersinia ruckeri antigen, J. Anim. Sci. 76:(Suppl. 1):136 HMB improved in vitro and in vivo immune function in rainbow trout and carp which resulted in better growth and reduced mortality
Orzechowski, A., P. Ostaszewski, A. Brodnicka, J. Wilczak, M. Jank, B. Balasinska, A. Mrowczynska, and T. Ploszaj, 1998 Whole body antioxidant status in young growing rats induced by dexamethasone and the effect of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) treatment on recovery after dexamethasone treatment, J. Anim. Sci. 76:(Suppl. 1): 137 HMB was shown to have no effect on glutathione levels following dexamethasone treatment in young rats.
1997Sandberg, L., P. Miller, and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1997 Effect of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate on the physiological response to exercise and conditioning in horses, J. Anim. Sci. 75:(Suppl. 1):198 HMB increased blood glucose and decreased blood triglycerides in response to conditioning.
Miller, P., L. Sandberg, and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1997 The effect of intensive training and ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the physiological response to exercise in horses, FASEB J. 11:A290 HMB supplementation to training horses increased endurance and aerobic metabolism as indicated by hematocrit and hemoglobin levels.
Cheng, W., B. Phillips, and N. Abumrad, 1997 ß-Hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate increases fatty acid oxidation by muscle cells, FASEB J. 11:A381 HMB increased fat oxidation in muscle cells.
Papet I, P. Ostaszewski, F. Glomot, C. Obled, M. Faure, G. Bayle, S. Nissen, M. Arnal, and J. Grizard, 1997 The effect of a high dose of 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate on protein metabolism in growing lambs, BR. J. Nutr. 77:885-896
1996Sousa, M.F., N.N. Abumrad, C. Martins, S. Nissen, and M.C. Riella, 1996 Calcium ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate. Potential role as a phosphate binder in uremia: In vitro study, Nephron 72:391-394 Calcium HMB is as efficient as calcium acetate in binding phosphate in vitro which may predict its effective role in vivo. HMB may be effective in lowering phosphate in uremia.
1995Gatnau, R., D.R. Zimmerman, S.L. Nissen, M. Wannemuehler, and R.C. Ewan, 1995 Effect of excess dietary leucine and leucine catabolites on growth and immune response in weanling pigs, J. Anim. Sci. 73:159-165 HMB did not significantly increase immune function in baby pigs; however, a trend toward improved growth was observed in weanling pigs.
1994Ostaszewski, P., I. Papet, S. Nissen, F. Glomot, J. Grizard, and M. Amal, 1994 Dietary supplementation of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate improves catch-up growth in underfed lambs, Ann. Zootech 43:308 HMB improved growth in lambs that had previously limited feed intakes and slower growth rates.
Nissen, S., J.C. Fuller, Jr., J. Sell, P.R. Ferket, and D.B. Rives, 1994 The effects of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate on growth, mortality, and carcass qualities of broiler chickens, Poultry Sci. 73:137-155 HMB decreased mortality by up to 72 percent and showed small increases in muscle growth in broiler chickens (summary of five studies conducted at three sites).
Fuller, J.C., Jr., and S. Nissen, 1994 Decreasing male broiler mortality by feeding the leucine catabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate, Poultry Sci. 73:93 HMB decreased nonspecific mortality during conditions of environmental extremes in male broilers.
Van Koevering M.T., H.G. Dolezal, D.R. Gill, F.N. Owens, C.A. Strasia, D.S. Buchanan, R. Lake, and S. Nissen, 1994 Effects of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate on performance and carcass quality of feedlot steers, J. Anim. Sci. 72:1927-1935 HMB decreased subcutaneous fat depots in cattle but increased intramuscular fat in the longissimus muscle.
Nissen, S., D. Morrical, and J.C. Fuller, Jr., 1994 The effects of the leucine catabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate on the growth and health of growing lambs, J. Anim. Sci. 77:(Suppl. 1):243 HMB improved growth, immune function, and decreased the severity and incidence of a natural pox virus infection in sheep.
Zhang, Z., C. Coates, J. Rathmacher, and S. Nissen, 1994 Distribution of the leucine metabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate in foods and feeds, FASEB J. 8:A464 HMB is found in most foods in low levels but is four to ten times higher in alfalfa, poultry byproducts, and certain vegetables.
Talleyrand, V., A. Dorn, D. Frank, J. Roth, and S. Nissen, 1994 Effect of feeding ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate on immune function in stressed calves, FASEB J. 8:A951 HMB fed to calves injected with ACTH partially prevented the resulting cortisol-induced decrease in immune function.
Nissen, S., T. D. Faidley, D. R. Zimmerman, R. Izard, and C. T. Fisher, 1994 Colostral milk fat percentage and pig performance are enhanced by feeding the leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate to sows, J. Anim. Sci. 72:2331-2337 βThree studies are summarized and show that feeding HMB increased milk fat percentage, baby pig growth and tended to increase survivability of baby pigs.
1993Zhang, Z., V. Talleyrand, J. Rathmacher, and S. Nissen, 1993 Change in plasma ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) by feeding leucine, alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC), and isovaleric acid (IVA) to pigs, FASEB J. 7:A392 Feeding leucine and KIC increased plasma HMB levels to that seen when HMB is fed. Feeding IVA also increased HMB suggesting nonoxygenase conversion to HMB.
Moschini, M., J. Rathmacher, T.D. Faidley, J. Sultan, and S. Nissen, 1993 Effect of feeding ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) on leucine and fat metabolism in mammary gland, FASEB J. 7:A70 HMB increased milk fat percentage in lactating goats.
Talleyrand, V., Z. Zhang, J. Rathmacher, and S. Nissen, 1993 Uptake and output of the leucine metabolite ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate (HMB) across the leg of pigs, FASEB J. 7:A71 HMB is produced across the hind legs of pigs when high levels of leucine are fed.
Van Koevering, M.T., D.R. Gill, R.A. Smith, F.N. Owens, S. Nissen, and R.L. Ball, 1993 Effect of ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate on the health and performance of shipping stressed calves, Oklahoma St. Anim. Sci. Res. Rep. 0:312-316 HMB decreased morbidity by 40 percent and mortality by 50 percent in young stressed calves (four studies).
1992Van Koevering, M. and S. Nissen, 1992 Oxidation of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate to ß-hydroxy-ß-methylbutyrate in vivo, Am. J. Physiol. 262:27-31 HMB is produced in the body from leucine and KIC in sheep and pigs.
1991Nonnecke, B., S.T. Franklin, and S. Nissen, 1991 Leucine and its catabolites alter mitogen-stimulated DNA synthesis by bovine lymphocytes, J. Nutr. 121:1665-1672 In vitro leucine was shown to suppress lymphocyte function while HMB tended to increase function. HMB did not substitute for leucine in the media for growth of cells.
